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Technology for the preparation and application of cermet coatings and claddings in thermal power plants

Zongde LIU, Miao LIU, Liping ZHAO

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 257-262 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0129-3

摘要： This paper introduces the applied background of wear and corrosion-resistant materials in the electricity industry. Next, the paper summarizes the development of preparation technology for cermets and cermet coatings and claddings, finally explaining the application and development of submicron-grain cermet coatings and claddings through reaction synthesis technology.

关键词： cermets     cermet coatings/claddings     electro-thermal explosion spraying     reaction synthesis    

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The Application and the Prospect of Remanufacturing Technologies in the Metallurgical Industry

Jie Xiong,Jian-cheng Fan,Jv Yuan

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年 第3卷 第2期   页码 165-170 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016023

摘要： Metallurgical equipment is subjected to severe working conditions and the components suffer from various types of physical damages such as abrasion, corrosion and crack. Advanced surface engineering technologies and resistant coatings on the damaged surface can improve surface properties, extend service lives, reduce maintenance costs and improve product quality in the metallurgical industry. This paper introduces remanufacturing technologies, including electroplating, overlaying welding, thermal spraying and laser surface cladding and their applications in the metallurgical industry, and analyzes the development tendency and prospect of remanufacturing technologies.

关键词： remanufacturing technology     electroplating     overlaying welding     thermal spraying     laser surface cladding    

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Development of a new wear resistant coating by arc spraying of a steel-based cored wire

Lidong ZHAO, Pia KUTSCHMANN, Binyou FU, Dingyong HE

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第4卷 第1期   页码 1-4 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0012-2

摘要： In the present study, a cored wire of 304 L stainless steel as sheath material and NiB and WC-12Co as filler materials was designed and deposited to produce a new wear resistant coating containing amorphous phase by arc spraying. The microstructure of the coating was investigated. The porosity and hardness of the coating were determined. The wear performance of the coating was evaluated. The XRD and TEM analyses showed that there are high volume of amorphous phase and very fine crystalline grains in the coating. DTA measurements revealed that the crystallization of the amorphous phase occurred at 579.2°C. Because metallurgical processes for single droplets were non-homogenous during spraying, the lamellae in the coating have different hardness values, which lie between about 700 and 1250 HV . The abrasive wear test showed that the new Fe-based coating was very wear resistant.

关键词： amorphous phase     arc spraying     microstructure     wear     cored wire    

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Application of cold spraying for flux-free brazing of aluminium alloy 6060

Kirsten BOBZIN, Lidong ZHAO, Thomas SCHLAEFER, Thomas WARDA,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第3期   页码 256-260 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0095-9

摘要： In the present study, samples of aluminium alloy 6060 were coated by cold spraying with a powder of brazing alloy Al12Si. The influence of the process gas temperature on particle velocities and coating build-up was investigated. The coated samples were heat-treated in air and under argon atmosphere to investigate the wetting behaviour of the deposited Al12Si and the diffusion processes between Al12Si coatings and substrates. Coated samples were brazed flux-free under argon atmosphere by an induction heating system. The microstructure of the coated, heat-treated, and brazed samples was investigated. The shear strength of the brazed joints was determined. The results show that the brazing alloy Al12Si could be very well deposited on the substrate by cold spraying. The particle velocity increased with increasing process temperature. Correspondingly, the thickness of Al12Si coatings increased with increasing process temperature. The heat treatments showed that a very good metallurgical bond between the Al12Si coatings and the substrate could be realized by the deposition using cold spraying. The coated samples could be well brazed without fluxes. The coating thickness and overlap width influenced the shear strength of the brazed joints. The highest shear strength of brazed joints amounts to 80 MPa.

关键词： aluminium alloy     flux-free brazing     cold spraying     shear strength    

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钢桥梁电弧喷涂纳米封闭复合涂层体系设计

易春龙,沈旺,童育强,刘国彬,于旭东

《中国工程科学》 2010年 第12卷 第7期   页码 53-56

摘要：

为了解决大型桥梁钢箱梁的长效防腐蚀问题，以浙江舟山连岛工程西堠门大桥防腐蚀工程为依托，结合电弧喷涂防腐蚀技术和纳米改性封闭涂层技术，提出了电弧喷涂纳米封闭复合涂层体系的设计思路，对比了电弧喷涂长效防腐传统方案与创新设计方案，对不同腐蚀环境下推荐设计采用不同的电弧喷涂金属涂层材料，对比分析了纳米封闭涂层与普通环氧底层的技术指标，简述了电弧喷涂纳米封闭复合涂层施工各工序的质量要求和检测方法。

关键词： 电弧喷涂     复合涂层     纳米材料     钢桥梁     防腐蚀    

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Influence evaluation of loading conditions during pressurized thermal shock transients based on thermal-hydraulics

Jinya KATSUYAMA, Shumpei UNO, Tadashi WATANABE, Yinsheng LI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第13卷 第4期   页码 563-570 doi: 10.1007/s11465-018-0487-9

摘要：

The thermal hydraulic (TH) behavior of coo-lant water is a key factor in the structural integrity assessments on reactor pressure vessels (RPVs) of pressurized water reactors (PWRs) under pressurized thermal shock (PTS) events, because the TH behavior may affect the loading conditions in the assessment. From the viewpoint of TH behavior, configuration of plant equipment and their dimensions, and operator action time considerably influence various parameters, such as the temperature and flow rate of coolant water and inner pressure. In this study, to investigate the influence of the operator action time on TH behavior during a PTS event, we developed an analysis model for a typical Japanese PWR plant, including the RPV and the main components of both primary and secondary systems, and performed TH analyses by using a system analysis code called RELAP5. We applied two different operator action times based on the Japanese and the United States (US) rules: Operators may act after 10 min (Japanese rules) and 30 min (the US rules) after the occurrence of PTS events. Based on the results of TH analysis with different operator action times, we also performed structural analyses for evaluating thermal-stress distributions in the RPV during PTS events as loading conditions in the structural integrity assessment. From the analysis results, it was clarified that differences in operator action times significantly affect TH behavior and loading conditions, as the Japanese rule may lead to lower stresses than that under the US rule because an earlier operator action caused lower pressure in the RPV.

关键词： structural integrity     reactor pressure vessel     pressurized thermal shock     thermal hydraulic analysis     pressurized water reactor     weld residual stress    

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Assessment indices for uniform and non-uniform thermal environments

ZHANG Yufeng, SUN Shufeng, ZHAO Rongyi

《能源前沿（英文）》 2008年 第2卷 第2期   页码 129-133 doi: 10.1007/s11708-008-0029-y

摘要： Different assessment indices for thermal environments were compared and selected for proper assessment of indoor thermal environments. 30 subjects reported their overall thermal sensation, thermal comfort, and thermal acceptability in uniform and non-uniform conditions. The results show that these three assessment indices provide equivalent evaluations in uniform environments. However, overall thermal sensation differs from the other two indices and cannot be used as a proper index for the evaluation of non-uniform environments. The relationship between the percentage and the mean vote for each index is established.

关键词： thermal sensation     proper assessment     relationship     equivalent     thermal acceptability    

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Influence of the filler materials on flux-free brazing of pure aluminium (1050)

Kirsten BOBZIN, Lidong ZHAO, Thomas SCHLAEFER, Thomas WARDA,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第5卷 第1期   页码 47-51 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0079-9

摘要： In the present study, samples of pure aluminium (1050) were deposited by cold spraying with filler materials such as Al12Si, Al7Si, Al12Si-4%Cu, and the Al-Si-based filler material A, which was especially developed for flux-free brazing by the Surface Engineering Institute. Besides, pure Si powder was also sprayed. The coated samples were heat-treated under different conditions and were brazed under an argon atmosphere without fluxes or with the flux Nokolok by an induction heating system. The shear strength of the brazed joints was determined. The results show that the filler materials could be well deposited by cold spraying. A thin layer of brittle Si could also form due to the strong deformation of the substrate surface. The heat treatments showed that a very good metallurgical bond between the filler materials and the substrate could be realized by the deposition by cold spraying. The Al7Si deposited samples could not be brazed without fluxes under the given conditions. The samples deposited with other filler materials could be brazed without fluxes. The in-situ diffusion process made it possible to braze the Si-deposited samples at 580°C. The joints of the samples deposited with the filler material showed the highest shear strength of 41 MPa, whereas the values of the Al12Si and Si deposited samples were less than 20 MPa. The employment of the flux Nikolok significantly increased the shear strength of the Al12Si deposited samples to more than 53 MPa.

关键词： aluminium     flux-free brazing     cold spraying     shear strength    

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Liquid metal thermal hydraulics R&D at European scale: achievements and prospects

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 842-853 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0743-2

摘要： A significant role for a future nuclear carbon-free energy production is attributed to fast reactors, mostly employing a liquid metal as a coolant. This paper summarizes the efforts that have been undertaken in collaborative projects sponsored by the European Commission in the past 20 years in the fields of liquid-metal heat transfer modeling, fuel assembly and core thermal hydraulics, pool and system thermal hydraulics, and establishment of best practice guidelines and verification, validation, and uncertainty quantification (UQ). The achievements in these fields will be presented along with the prospects on topics which will be studied collaboratively in Europe in the years to come. These prospects include further development of heat transfer models for applied computational fluid dynamics (CFD), further analysis of the consequences of fuel assembly blockages on coolant flow and temperature, analysis of the thermal hydraulic effects in deformed fuel assemblies, extended validation of three-dimensional pool thermal hydraulic CFD models, and further development and validation of multi-scale system thermal hydraulic methods.

关键词： liquid metal     thermal hydraulics     Europe    

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Coupling evaluation for material removal and thermal control on precision milling machine tools

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第17卷 第1期   页码 12-12 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0668-9

摘要： Machine tools are one of the most representative machining systems in manufacturing. The energy consumption of machine tools has been a research hotspot and frontier for green low-carbon manufacturing. However, previous research merely regarded the material removal (MR) energy as useful energy consumption and ignored the useful energy consumed by thermal control (TC) for maintaining internal thermal stability and machining accuracy. In pursuit of energy-efficient, high-precision machining, more attention should be paid to the energy consumption of TC and the coupling relationship between MR and TC. Hence, the cutting energy efficiency model considering the coupling relationship is established based on the law of conservation of energy. An index of energy consumption ratio of TC is proposed to characterize its effect on total energy usage. Furthermore, the heat characteristics are analyzed, which can be adopted to represent machining accuracy. Experimental study indicates that TC is the main energy-consuming process of the precision milling machine tool, which overwhelms the energy consumption of MR. The forced cooling mode of TC results in a 7% reduction in cutting energy efficiency. Regression analysis shows that heat dissipation positively contributes 54.1% to machining accuracy, whereas heat generation negatively contributes 45.9%. This paper reveals the coupling effect of MR and TC on energy efficiency and machining accuracy. It can provide a foundation for energy-efficient, high-precision machining of machine tools.

关键词： machine tools     cutting energy efficiency     thermal stability     machining accuracy     coupling evaluation    

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An autonomous system for thermal convection of viscoelastic fluids in a porous layer using a thermal

Qi WEI, Xiaohui ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第4期   页码 507-516 doi: 10.1007/s11708-010-0017-x

摘要： Thermal convection of viscoelastic fluids saturating a horizontal porous layer heated from below is analyzed using a thermal nonequilibrium model to take account of the interphase heat transfer between the fluid and the solid. The viscoelastic character of the flow is considered by a modified Darcy’s law. An autonomous system with five differential equations is deduced by applying the truncated Galerkin expansion to the momentum and heat transfer equations. The effects of interphase heat transfer on the thermal convection of viscoelastic fluids in a porous medium are analyzed and discussed. The results show that the weak interphase heat transfer tends to stabilize the steady convection.

关键词： thermal convection     porous media     viscoelastic fluid     thermal nonequilibrium model    

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ANN-exhaustive-listing method for optimization of multiple building shapes and envelope properties with maximum thermal

Yaolin LIN, Wei YANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 550-563 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0607-1

摘要： With increasing awareness of sustainability, demands on optimized design of building shapes with a view to maximize its thermal performance have become stronger. Current research focuses more on building envelopes than shapes, and thermal comfort of building occupants has not been considered in maximizing thermal performance in building shape optimization. This paper attempts to develop an innovative ANN (artificial neural network)-exhaustive-listing method to optimize the building shapes and envelope physical properties in achieving maximum thermal performance as measured by both thermal load and comfort hour. After verified, the developed method is applied to four different building shapes in five different climate zones in China. It is found that the building shape needs to be treated separately to achieve sufficient accuracy of prediction of thermal performance and that the ANN is an accurate technique to develop models of discomfort hour with errors of less than 1.5%. It is also found that the optimal solutions favor the smallest window-to-external surface area with triple-layer low-E windows and insulation thickness of greater than 90 mm. The merit of the developed method is that it can rapidly reach the optimal solutions for most types of building shapes with more than two objective functions and large number of design variables.

关键词： ANN (artificial neural network)     exhaustive-listing     building shape     optimization     thermal load     thermal comfort    

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Flow and thermal modeling of liquid metal in expanded microchannel heat sink

《能源前沿（英文）》   页码 796-810 doi: 10.1007/s11708-023-0877-5

摘要： Liquid metal-based microchannel heat sinks (MCHSs) suffer from the low heat capacity of coolant, resulting in an excessive temperature rise of coolant and heat sink when dealing with high-power heat dissipation. In this paper, it was found that expanded space at the top of fins could distribute the heat inside microchannels, reducing the temperature rise of coolant and heat sink. The orthogonal experiments revealed that expanding the top space of channels yielded similar temperature reductions to changing the channel width. The flow and thermal modeling of expanded microchannel heat sink (E-MCHS) were analyzed by both using the 3-dimensional (3D) numerical simulation and the 1-dimensional (1D) thermal resistance model. The fin efficiency of E-MCHS was derived to improve the accuracy of the 1D thermal resistance model. The heat conduction of liquid metal in Z direction and the heat convection between the top surface of fins and the liquid metal could reduce the total thermal resistance (Rt). The above process was effective for microchannels with low channel aspect ratio, low mean velocity (Um) or long heat sink length. The maximum thermal resistance reduction in the example of this paper reached 36.0%. The expanded space endowed the heat sink with lower pressure, which might further reduce the pumping power (P). This rule was feasible both when fins were truncated (h2 < 0, h2 is the height of expanded channel for E-MCHS) and when over plate was raised (h2 > 0).

关键词： liquid metal cooling     heat sink     expanded microchannel     flow and thermal modeling    

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Encapsulation of polyethylene glycol in cellulose-based porous capsules for latent heat storage and light-to-thermal

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期   页码 1038-1050 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2279-3

摘要： Phase change materials are potential candidates for the application of latent heat storage. Herein, we fabricated porous capsules as shape-stable materials from cellulose-based polyelectrolyte complex, which were first prepared using cellulose 6-(N-pyridinium)hexanoyl ester as the cationic polyelectrolyte and carboxymethyl cellulose as the anionic polyelectrolyte to encapsulate polyethylene glycol by the vacuum impregnation method. Furthermore, the multi-walled carbon nanotube or graphene oxide, which were separately composited into the polyelectrolytes complex capsules to enhance thermal conductivity and light-to-thermal conversion efficiency. These capsules owned a typical core–shell structure, with an extremely high polyethylene glycol loading up to 34.33 g∙g‒1. After loading of polyethylene glycol, the resulted cellulose-based composite phase change materials exhibited high thermal energy storage ability with the latent heat up to 142.2 J∙g‒1, which was 98.5% of pure polyethylene glycol. Further results showed that the composite phase change materials demonstrated good form-stable property and thermal stability. Moreover, studies involving light-to-thermal conversion determined that composite phase change materials exhibited outstanding light-to-thermal conversion performance. Considering their exceptional comprehensive features, innovative composite phase change materials generated from cellulose presented a highly interesting choice for thermal management and renewable thermal energy storage.

关键词： cellulose     polyelectrolytes     phase change materials     thermal energy storage     light-to-thermal conversion    

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Non-thermal plasma enhances performances of biochar in wastewater treatment and energy storage applications

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 475-483 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2070-x

摘要： Surface functionalization or modification to introduce more oxygen-containing functional groups to biochar is an effective strategy for tuning the physicochemical properties and promoting follow-up applications. In this study, non-thermal plasma was applied for biochar surface carving before being used in contaminant removal and energy storage applications. The results showed that even a low dose of plasma exposure could introduce a high number density of oxygen-functional groups and enhance the hydrophilicity and metal affinity of the pristine biochar. The plasma-treated biochar enabled a faster metal-adsorption rate and a 40% higher maximum adsorption capacity of heavy metal ion Pb2+. Moreover, to add more functionality to biochar surface, biochar with and without plasma pre-treatment was activated by KOH at a temperature of 800 °C. Using the same amount of KOH, the plasma treatment resulted in an activated carbon product with the larger BET surface area and pore volume. The performance of the treated activated carbon as a supercapacitor electrode was also substantially improved by>30%. This study may provide guidelines for enhancing the surface functionality and application performances of biochar using non-thermal-based techniques.

关键词： non-thermal plasma     surface functionalization     biochar modification     wastewater treatment     supercapacitor    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Technology for the preparation and application of cermet coatings and claddings in thermal power plants

Zongde LIU, Miao LIU, Liping ZHAO

期刊论文

The Application and the Prospect of Remanufacturing Technologies in the Metallurgical Industry

Jie Xiong,Jian-cheng Fan,Jv Yuan

期刊论文

Development of a new wear resistant coating by arc spraying of a steel-based cored wire

Lidong ZHAO, Pia KUTSCHMANN, Binyou FU, Dingyong HE

期刊论文

Application of cold spraying for flux-free brazing of aluminium alloy 6060

Kirsten BOBZIN, Lidong ZHAO, Thomas SCHLAEFER, Thomas WARDA,

期刊论文

钢桥梁电弧喷涂纳米封闭复合涂层体系设计

易春龙,沈旺,童育强,刘国彬,于旭东

期刊论文

Influence evaluation of loading conditions during pressurized thermal shock transients based on thermal-hydraulics

Jinya KATSUYAMA, Shumpei UNO, Tadashi WATANABE, Yinsheng LI

期刊论文

Assessment indices for uniform and non-uniform thermal environments

ZHANG Yufeng, SUN Shufeng, ZHAO Rongyi

期刊论文

Influence of the filler materials on flux-free brazing of pure aluminium (1050)

Kirsten BOBZIN, Lidong ZHAO, Thomas SCHLAEFER, Thomas WARDA,

期刊论文

Liquid metal thermal hydraulics R&D at European scale: achievements and prospects

期刊论文

Coupling evaluation for material removal and thermal control on precision milling machine tools

期刊论文

An autonomous system for thermal convection of viscoelastic fluids in a porous layer using a thermal

Qi WEI, Xiaohui ZHANG

期刊论文

ANN-exhaustive-listing method for optimization of multiple building shapes and envelope properties with maximum thermal

Yaolin LIN, Wei YANG

期刊论文

Flow and thermal modeling of liquid metal in expanded microchannel heat sink

期刊论文

Encapsulation of polyethylene glycol in cellulose-based porous capsules for latent heat storage and light-to-thermal

期刊论文

Non-thermal plasma enhances performances of biochar in wastewater treatment and energy storage applications

期刊论文